Hot Springs National Park

Introduction

Located in the heart of Garland County, Arkansas, Hot Springs National Park is one of the most unique units in the National Park System. Unlike the expansive wilderness typical of Western parks, this site is inextricably linked with the urban landscape of the city of Hot Springs. Often referred to as the "American Spa," the park serves as a testament to the intersection of natural geothermal wonders and early American wellness culture.   

The history of the park spans thousands of years, beginning with Indigenous peoples such as the Caddo and Quapaw. These tribes considered the valley a neutral territory where various nations could coexist peacefully to utilize the "healing" waters. They referred to the area as the "Valley of the Vapors."   

European discovery occurred in 1541 when Spanish explorer Hernando de Sota became the first known European to witness the springs. Following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States sent the Dunbar-Hunter Expedition in 1804 to study the area's flora and fauna. Recognizing the unique value of the thermal waters, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature requested federal protection in 1820.   

On April 20, 1832, President Andrew Jackson signed legislation setting aside the land as a federal reservation. This makes Hot Springs the oldest protected area in the National Park System, predating Yellowstone by 40 years. It was officially redesignated as a National Park on March 4, 1921. During the early 20th century, the area also became a haven for spring training for Major League Baseball and a popular haunt for gangsters like Al Capone due to the thriving underground gambling scene in the city.   

Hot Springs is a compact park, particularly when compared to its peers. For many years, it held the title of the smallest national park until the designation of Gateway Arch.  The park encompasses approximately 5,550 acres, which is equivalent to roughly 22.5 square kilometers.  The primary resource consists of 47 thermal springs. These springs emerge in a concentrated area approximately 1,500 feet (460 meters) long and 400 feet (120 meters) wide.   

The springs produce more than 850,000 gallons (3,200,000 liters) of water daily. The water emerges at an average temperature of 143°F (62°C).   

Hot Springs remains a highly popular destination due to its accessibility and history. In 2024, the National Park Service reported that the park received approximately 2.5 to 2.6 million visitors.

Hikes

Hot Springs National Park features approximately 26 miles (42 kilometers) of interconnected hiking trails. These paths are primarily divided into three main zones: the Hot Springs and North Mountain area, the West Mountain area, and the more remote Sunset Trail.  Click on the links for the specific trails. 

For experienced hikers looking for a challenge, the Sunset Trail is the longest in the park.  The hike is approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers) one-way, or a 15–17 mile (24–27 kilometer) loop when combined with other connecting trails.  It has an elevation gain around 2,500 feet (762m).

Campground

Highly rated for its beauty, Gulpha Gorge Campground is the only campground within the park.

The campground is well-suited for both RVs and tents, with sites that are mostly flat and paved.

There are 40 campsites are equipped with 30 and 50-amp electric, water, and sewer connections. Many sites back directly onto the creek, offering peaceful water sounds and scenic views.  Multiple hiking trails begin right at the campground, including a steep path that leads over the mountain directly into downtown Hot Springs. The maximum combined length for RVs and trailers is 60 feet. Sites closer to the road (Hwy 70B) may experience some traffic noise, so many campers prefer the quieter creek-side spots.

Reservations are required for all sites and can be made up to six months in advance via Recreation.gov.

Restaurants

Within the boundaries of Hot Springs National Park, three dining options are uniquely integrated into the historic structures of Bathhouse Row.

Superior Bathhouse Brewery: This is the only brewery located with a national park and the only one in the world to use thermal spring water for its craft beer. It offers a casual atmosphere with a menu featuring burgers, sandwiches, and vegetarian-friendly options like tomato bisque and salads.

Eden: Located inside the Hotel Hale, features a "living wall" and a skylight, providing a garden-like setting. It is popular for its brunch and dinner menus.

Quapaw Cafe: This spot offers sandwiches, wraps and salads.